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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

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FORM 20-F

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Date of event requiring this shell company report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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For the transition period from to

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Commission file number: 001-38820

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Futu Holdings Limited

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

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N/A

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

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Cayman Islands

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

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34/F, United Centre

95 Queensway, Admiralty

Hong Kong S.A.R., People’s Republic of China

+852 2523-3588

(Address of principal executive offices)

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Arthur Yu Chen, Chief Financial Officer

Telephone: +852 2523-3588

Email: ir@futuholdings.com

34/F, United Centre

95 Queensway, Admiralty

Hong Kong S.A.R., People’s Republic of China

(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

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Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

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*    Not for trading, but only in connection with the listing on The Nasdaq Global Market of American depositary shares.

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Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

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None

(Title of Class)

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Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:

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None

(Title of Class)

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Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.

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As of December 31, 2023, 746,797,804 Class A ordinary shares (excluding treasury shares and Class A ordinary shares issued to the depositary bank for bulk issuance of ADSs reserved for future issuances upon the exercise or vesting of awards granted under our share incentive plans) and 355,552,051 Class B ordinary shares, par value US$0.00001 per share, were issued and outstanding.

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Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  ☒ Yes  ☐ No

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If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.  ☐ Yes  ☒ No

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Note – Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  ☒ Yes  ☐ No

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  ☒ Yes  ☐ No

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

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If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ Yes  ☐ No

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† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.    ☒ Yes  ☐ No

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If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.☐

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Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

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Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

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If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.  ☐ Item 17  ☐ Item 18

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If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  ☐ Yes  ☒ No

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(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.  ☐ Yes  ☐ No

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INTRODUCTION

Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references in this annual report to:

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For each relevant period prior to January 1, 2021, “users,” “MAUs” and “average DAUs” figures disclosed in this annual report are only inclusive of those under Futubull, due to insignificant figures recorded under moomoo. Since January 1, 2021, the numbers disclosed in this annual report include figures under Futubull and moomoo for each subsequent period. The number of users is determined based on the user accounts registered with Futubull and moomoo.

For each relevant period prior to January 1, 2021, “clients,” “paying clients,” “client asset balance,” “trading volume” and other client-based figures disclosed in this annual report are only inclusive of those under Futu Securities, due to insignificant figures recorded under Moomoo Financial Inc. (previous name: Futu Inc.). Since January 1, 2021, the figures disclosed in this annual report include those under Futu Securities, Moomoo Financial Inc., Moomoo Financial Singapore, Futu Australia, Moomoo Securities Japan and Moomoo Financial Canada for each subsequent period, as applicable.

Our reporting currency is Hong Kong dollars. This annual report contains translations of certain foreign currency amounts into U.S. dollars for the convenience of the reader. Unless otherwise stated, the conversions between U.S. dollars and Hong Kong dollars were made at the rate of HK$7.8109 to US$1.00, the exchange rate on December 29, 2023 set forth in the H.10 statistical release of The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve Board. We make no representation that any Hong Kong dollars or U.S. dollar amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars or Hong Kong dollars, as the case may be, at any particular rate, or at all. Any discrepancies in any table between totals and sums of amounts listed therein are due to rounding.

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FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

This annual report contains forward-looking statements that reflect our current expectations and views of future events. The forward-looking statements are contained principally in the sections entitled “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors,” “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” Known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including those listed under “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors,” may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

You can identify some of these forward-looking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “is/are likely to,” “potential,” “continue” or other similar expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements relating to:

These forward-looking statements involve various risks and uncertainties. You should read thoroughly this annual report and the documents that we refer to with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from and worse than what we expect.  Important risks and factors that could cause our actual results to be materially different from our expectations are generally set forth in “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors,” “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and other sections in this annual report. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for our management to predict all risk factors and uncertainties, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

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This annual report contains certain data and information that we obtained from various government and private publications. Although we believe the data and information to be reliable, we have not independently verified the accuracy or completeness of the data and information contained in these publications. Statistical data in these publications also include projections based on a number of assumptions. The online brokerage and related industries may not grow at the rate projected by market data, or at all. Failure of these markets to grow at the projected rate may have a material and adverse effect on our business and the market price of the ADSs. In addition, the rapidly evolving nature of the online brokerage industry results in significant uncertainties for any projections or estimates relating to the growth prospects or future condition of our market. Furthermore, if any one or more of the assumptions underlying the market data are later found to be incorrect, actual results may differ from the projections based on these assumptions. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. You should read this annual report and the documents that we refer to in this annual report and have filed as exhibits to this annual report, of which this annual report is a part, completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect.

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EXPLANATORY NOTE

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Please carefully consider the risks discussed under the section entitled “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors” in this annual report. We provide the following disclosure to help investors better understand our corporate structure, operations in China and the associated risks.

Our Corporate Structure and Operations in China

Futu Holdings is not an operating company but a Cayman Islands holding company conducting a significant portion of our operations through our wholly-owned subsidiaries, including in Hong Kong, Singapore, the United States and Australia. As an exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, Futu Holdings and its wholly-owned PRC subsidiaries are classified, respectively, as a foreign enterprise and foreign-invested enterprises under PRC laws and regulations, and, subject to certain exceptions, none of them is generally allowed to own more than 50% of the equity interests in PRC companies that are value-added telecommunication service providers or to own any equity interests in PRC companies that are engaging in internet culture service or other services prohibited from foreign investment.

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In order to provide certain value-added telecommunication services, internet culture services and other services prohibited from foreign investment in China while ensuring compliance with PRC laws and regulations, Shensi Beijing, our wholly-owned PRC subsidiary, or the WFOE, has entered into a series of contractual arrangements with each of Shenzhen Futu and Hainan Futu, or the VIEs, and their respective shareholders, which we refer to collectively as the Contractual Arrangements in this annual report. The Contractual Arrangements are designed to provide us economic exposure to the VIEs’ operations of value-added telecommunication services, internet cultural services and other services in China where PRC laws prohibit, restrict or impose conditions on direct foreign equity investment in the VIEs. The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure, including our significant subsidiaries and the Consolidated Affiliated Entities, as of the date of this annual report:

Notes:

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For a detailed description about the Contractual Arrangements, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—C. Organizational Structure—Contractual Arrangements with the VIEs and Their Shareholders.”

As a result of the Contractual Arrangements, Futu Holdings becomes the primary beneficiary of the VIEs and their subsidiaries, or the Consolidated Affiliated Entities, for accounting purposes and treat each of them as a PRC consolidated entity under U.S. GAAP. Neither we nor our investors own any equity ownership in, direct foreign investment in, or control of the Consolidated Affiliated Entities as a result of the Contractual Arrangements. As a result, holders of the ADSs are not purchasing equity interest in the Consolidated Affiliated Entities but instead are purchasing equity interest in Futu Holdings, a Cayman Islands holding company whose consolidated financial results include those of the Consolidated Affiliated Entities under U.S. GAAP.

The Contractual Arrangements have not been tested in a court of law in the PRC and foreign investors may never be allowed to hold equity interests in the Consolidated Affiliated Entities under PRC laws and regulations. PRC regulatory authorities could in the future disallow the Contractual Arrangements, which would likely affect our operations in China. Please see “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure—If the PRC government deems that the Contractual Arrangements do not comply with PRC regulatory restrictions on foreign investment in the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.”

We and the VIEs face various legal and operational risks and uncertainties related to our operations in China, including complex and evolving PRC laws and regulations. For example, the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or the CSRC, has initiated inquires on us concerning matters including, the provision of cross-border securities services for domestic, China-based investors. Besides, we also face risks associated with regulatory approvals and/or filings in connection with our future offshore offering or listing of securities on a different market, the use of variable interest entities, anti-monopoly regulatory actions, as well as oversight on cybersecurity and data privacy. These risks could result in a material adverse change in our operations and the value of the ADSs, significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause such securities to significantly decline in value, as elaborated below:

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The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act

Pursuant to the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the HFCAA, if the SEC determines that we have filed audit reports issued by a registered public accounting firm that has not been subject to inspections by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or the PCAOB, for two consecutive years, the SEC will prohibit our shares or the ADSs from being traded on a national securities exchange or in the over-the-counter trading market in the United States. On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued a report to notify the SEC of its determination that the PCAOB was unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in Mainland China and Hong Kong, including our auditor. On April 21, 2022, the SEC conclusively listed us as a Commission-Identified Issuer under the HFCAA following the filing of our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB issued a report that vacated its December 16, 2021 determination and removed Mainland China and Hong Kong from the list of jurisdictions where it is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms. For this reason, we do not expect to be identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer under the HFCAA after we file this annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. Each year, the PCAOB will determine whether it can inspect and investigate completely audit firms in Mainland China and Hong Kong, among other jurisdictions. If PCAOB determines in the future that it no longer has full access to inspect and investigate completely accounting firms in Mainland China and Hong Kong and we continue to use an accounting firm headquartered in one of these jurisdictions to issue an audit report on our financial statements filed with the SEC, we would be identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer following the filing of the annual report on Form 20-F for the relevant fiscal year. There can be no assurance that we would not be identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer for any future fiscal year, and if we were so identified for two consecutive years, we would become subject to the prohibition on trading under the HFCAA. For more details, see “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Operations in China—The ADSs may be delisted and prohibited from trading in the United States under the HFCAA in the future if the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely auditors located in China, which will materially and adversely affect the value of your investment.”

Financial Information relating to the Consolidated Affiliated Entities

Historically, the Consolidated Affiliated Entities accounted for a small portion of our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Set forth below are the condensed consolidating schedule showing the financial position as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and results of operations and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 for (i) Futu Holdings; (ii) our subsidiaries (excluding the WFOE); (iii) the WFOE (which is the primary beneficiary of the Consolidated Affiliated Entities); (iv) the Consolidated Affiliated Entities (primarily Shenzhen Futu and its subsidiaries as Hainan Futu did not conduct substantial business during the periods presented); (v) eliminating adjustments; and (vi) consolidated totals (in thousands of HK dollars).

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Selected Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets Information

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Selected Condensed Consolidating statements of Comprehensive Income Information

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